Plastic is a synthetic material composed primarily of high-molecular-weight polymers (synthetic resins) blended with functional additives. Its composition varies based on application, but core components follow industry-standard formulations:
Fossil Fuels(90%+) Derived from petroleum/natural gas via cracking/distillation.
Key monomers: Ethylene(PE), Propylene(PP), Vinyl Chloride(PVC).
Bio-based (<10%) Renewable resources (corn starch, sugarcane) Polylactic Acid (PLA)
Advantage: Biodegradable; Limitation Higher cost, lower durability.
Industry Challenges & Trends
Recycling: Only ~9% of plastics are recycled globally; chemical recycling (depolymerization) is emerging.
Microplastics: <5mm particles from degraded plastic contaminate ecosystems.
Sustainability: Bio-PET (30% plant-based) and PHA (marine-degradable) are scaling production.
Future Outlook: EU mandates 100% recyclable/compostable packaging by 2030; circular economy models gaining traction.